Paper Analyses of Tocharian manuscripts of the Pelliot Collection stored in the National Library of France (Bibliothèque nationale de France)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2020.630Słowa kluczowe:
Central Asia, Xinjiang, Papermaking technology, Macroscopic analyses, Paul Pelliot, Bibliothèque nationale de France.Abstrakt
This paper describes the preliminary results of my PhD research within the ERC project “HisTochText”. The aim is to perform macroscopic analyses of archaeological papers from the Pelliot Collection. They are stored in the National Library of France (Bibliothèque nationale de France). Most were discovered in the oasis kingdom of Kucha, inscribed in an ancient Indian writing, brāhmῑ. The language was unknown in France. Kucha was a meeting place for many influences both western and eastern, insofar as paper analysis seeks to determine technological influences and local adaptations. Macroscopic analyses rely on traces found in the material of the paper which may be the result of the many stages in the life of the document: the raw material, the manufacturing process, the conditions of use and the storage conditions, both ancient and modern. To this day 350 fragments have been observed. Little is known about papermaking in Central Asia. As a consequence, every shred of information must be examined in order to determine the differences from and similarities to paper manufacturing in Xinjiang.
Bibliografia
• Bunting V., The prints and the papers: Whistler’s Venice sets at the Freer Gallery of art, [in:] Looking at Paper, ed. J. Slavin, Ottawa 1999, pp. 53-62.
• Chao-Jung C., Secular documents in Tocharian: Buddhist economy and society in the Ku¬cha region, Doctoral thesis supervised by Georges-Jean Pinault, presented in 2010, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris.
• Di Cosmo N., Ancient China and its Enemies, the Rise of Nomadic Power in East Asian History, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002.
• Drège J.-P., Pinault G.-J., Paul Pelliot: de l’histoire à la légende, eds. G.-J. Pinault, M. Zink, Paris 2013.
• Cohen M., La mission Paul Pelliot en Asie Centrale, [online] https://archivesetmanuscrits. bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cc4395j [accessed 24.01.2019].
• Drège J.-P., Le papier dans la Chine impériale. Origine, fabrication, usages. Textes pré-sentés, annotés et traduits, Paris 2017.
• Drège J.-P., Note sur les couleurs des papiers des manuscrits de Dunhuang, “Cahiers d’Asie” 1987, vol. 3, pp. 147-150.
• Golomb L., Die Bodenkultur in Ost-Turkestan. Oasenwirtschaft und Nomadentum, Freiburg 1959.
• Hallade M., Gaulier S., Mission Pelliot, Soubachi et Douldou-âqour, vol. 4, Recherche sur les civilisations, Paris, 1982.
• Hansen V., The Silk Road, A new History, New York 2012.
• Helman-Ważny A., The archaeology of Tibetan books, Leiden, Boston, Brill, 2014.
• Helman-Ważny A., More than meets the eye: Fibre and Paper Analysis of the Chinese Manuscripts from the Silk Roads, “STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research” 2016, vol. 2 no. 2, pp. 127-140.
• Hinüber O. von, Expansion to the North: Afghanistan and Central Asia, [in:] The World of Buddhism, eds. H. Bechert, R. Gombrich, London 1991, pp. 99-107.
• Hunter D., Papermaking: the history and technique of an ancient craft, London, 1957.
• Lévi S., La mission Pelliot en Asie centrale, “Annales de Géographie“ 1910, vol. 19, No. 105, pp. 274-276.
• Mallory J.P, Mair V.H., The Tarim mummies, London 2000.
• Malzahn M., The most archaic manuscripts of Tocharian B and the varieties of the Tocharian B languages, [in:] Instrumenta Tocharica, ed. M. Malzahn, Heidelberg 2007, pp. 255-297.
• Monnet N., Paul Pelliot et la Bibliothèque nationale, [in:] Paul Pelliot de l’histoire à la légende, eds. J.-P. Drège and M. Zink, Colloque international organisé par Jean-Pier¬re Drège, Georges-Jean Pinault, Christina Scherrer-Schaub et Pierre-Etienne Will au Collège de France et à l’Académie des Belles-Lettres (Palais de l’Institut), 2-3 octobre 2008, Paris, Académie des Inscriptions et des Belles-Lettres, 2013, pp.137-204.
• Nöller R., Hahn O., Illuminated manuscripts from Turfan: Tracing Silk Road glamour by analyzing pigments, “STAR: Science & Technology of Archaeological Research” 2015, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 50-59.
• Nöller R., Helman-Ważny A., The Materials of Turfan and Dunhuang Manuscripts: Analysis of Paper, Pigments and Dyes, “International Dunhuang Project News” 2013, no. 41, pp. 6-7.
• Pelliot P., Carnets de route, 1906-1908, Paris 2008.
• Pinault G.-J., Sylvain Lévi déchiffreur et lecteur des textes des frontiers, [in:] Sylvain Lévi (1863-1935). Études indiennes, histoire sociale Actes du colloque tenu àPa¬ris les 8-10 octobre 2003, eds. L. Bansat-Boudon, R. Lardinois, Turnhout 2007, pp. 111-144.
• Pinault G.-J., Concordance des manuscrits tokhariens du fonds Pelliot, [in:] Instrumenta Tocharica, ed. M. Malzahn, Heidelberg 2007, pp. 163-219.
• Salomon R., The Buddhist literature of ancient Gandhara: an introduction with selected translation, Sommerville, MA 2018.
• Trombert É., Les manuscrits chinois de Koutcha, Paris 2000.
• Schaik S. van, Helman-Ważny A., Nöller R., Writing, painting and sketching at Dunhu¬ang: assessing the materiality and function of early Tibetan manuscripts and ritual items, “Journal of Archaeological Science” 2015, vol. 53, pp. 110-132.
• Silvie N., Problèmes de traitement et de reconditionnement des documents de la collection Pelliot de la Bibliothèque nationale dégradés par le Rhodoïd, Université Paris I, Paris 1995, not published.
• Wiesner J., Mikroskopische Untersuchung alter Ostturkestanischer und anderer Asiati¬scher Papiere nebst histologishen Beiträgen zur mikroskoppischen Papieruntersu¬chung, Wien 1902.
